| 1) NicaraguaActive volcanism and volcano-tectonics of NicaraguaThis pre-conference field trip will focus on the of the most active volcanoes of Nicaragua (Masaya and Apoyo calderas, Cerro Negro, and Telica) and their interaction with regional tectonic structures (bookshelf faults, grabens). This is an area which is characterized by persistently active and/or restless volcanoes and oblique plate convergence leading to bookshelf faulting and significant volcano-tectonic interactions. The field trip will consist of 4 days of roadside stops and short hikes at the four volcanoes, as well as a cultural visit to the ruins of Leon Viejo (A UNESCO World Heritage Site) and optional visits to INETER offices and a maar within the capital city of Managua. Participants will be able to view a range of easily accessible volcanic (lava lakes, maars, cinder cones) and nearby tectonic (bookshelf faults, grabens) features, with discussions focused on the interaction of these structures and their influence on each other. The group will also learn about and discuss hazards related to a range of eruption styles recently occurring in Nicaragua (persistent degassing, phreatic explosions, lava flows), and issues of monitoring and forecasting of activity at persistently restless/active volcanoes and earthquake-eruption triggering patterns. This field trip will be conducted primarily in English. | 7th – 10th | 5 to 12 | Diana Roman | $500 |
| 2) Volcán de Atitlán, GuatemalaHolocene eruption history, hazards, and cultural heritage in the area of Volcán de Atitlán, GuatemalaIn this fieldtrip, we will revise the eruption history and hazards that Volcán de Atitlán – the largest active andesitic stratovolcano in the Atitlán lake and caldera – can generate; and recognize the relevance of integrating local tradition and culture in assessing vulnerability and risk in Latinamerica. The participants will (i) examine lava flow, fall and pyroclastic density current deposits produced by Holocene to historic eruptions, (ii) visit the 2005 Panabaj lahar disaster area, associated with Hurricane Stan, (iii) climb to the summit of Volcán de Atitlán for catching the entire view of the Atitlán lake and caldera whilst having Acatenango, Fuego and Santa María volcanoes visible in the background in clear days; and (iv) visit Volcán de Atitlán’s cloud forest, look for Guatemala’s national bird the Quetzal, and witness the melded Mayan, Nahuatl and Catholic culture in the town of Santiago de Atitlán. | 7th – 10th | 10 to 15 | Rafael Torres-Orozco | $470 |
| 3) Volcán de Fuego, GuatemalaDiverse perspectives of Volcán de Fuego, GuatemalaThis field trip will introduce participants to the dynamic Volcán de Fuego and the challenges it poses to people who monitor it and who live on its flanks. Participants will visit communities around Fuego to hear from residents about their life beside the volcano. Staying at INSIVUMEH’s Fuego observatory (OVFGO) in the village of Panimaché Uno will give participants unparalleled insight into risk mitigation as we listen to INSIVUMEH observers, scientists, and risk managers about their role in observing activity of Fuego and co-ordinating response during eruptive crisis (including evacuation). We will also learn about hazard assessment at Fuego as we use OVFGO as a base to visit deposits from Fuego’s recent eruptions. Participants will hear from Guatemala’s most experienced volcanologist, Gustavo Chigna, talking in-situ about his >30 years of experience observing Fuego and its hazards | 8th – 10th | 5 to 30 | Matt Watson | $300 |
| 4) El ChichónEl Chichón: Impact of the 1982 Plinian eruption – future risk managementOne of the most important eruptions of the last 100 years was the 1982 Plinian eruption of El Chichón in Mexico. The volcano was not properly recognized as presenting a danger, and the eruption came as a surprise to both the authorities and the local people. Poor decision-making, due to inexperience, resulted in the death of at least 2000 people due to pyroclastic density currents burying several villages. Large volumes of sulphur dioxide were expelled and the eruption had a significant effect on the world climate. The state of Chiapas borders with Guatemala, making this a convenient excursion for COV 12 in Antigua. This excursion will include visits to outcrops to observe the deposits of the most recent eruptions, as well as villages destroyed during the eruption, and meetings will be held with survivors. The trip will include discussions regarding the current monitoring practices and how the hazard is being mitigated. We will explore the social context of El Chichón amongst the Zoque indigenous people who live in its shadow. | 8th – 10th | 8 to 20 | Nick Varley | $250 |
| 5) Santiago Atitlán – Culture, Risk and Resettlement'We are Where We Have to Be”: Risk, Reality, ResettlementThis field trip will introduce participants to the Indigenous Tz’utujil Maya communities of Panabaj, Chuk Muk, Cerro de Oro, and Santiago Atitlán on the flanks of Tolimán volcano in the area of Atitlán caldera. We will visit the site of the 2005 Panabaj landslide and the post-disaster resettlement of Chuk Muk. We aim to give participants first-hand experience with people who live and work around Tolimán volcano. You will learn about ongoing realities of balancing environmental risk with other socio-economic pressures in marginalised communities and about the complex and ongoing impact of post-disaster resettlement. | 18th – 23rd | Up to 30 | Eliza Calder, Thomas McKean | $200 ( Contact Eliza.Calder@ed.ac.uk for subsidised participation) |
| 6) Moyuta-Tecuamburro-PacayaExplorando nuevas rutas geoturísticas Moyuta-Tecuamburro-Pacaya. Cultura, historia y geoquímica de fluidosLa gira de campo busca comprender los entornos volcánicos, establecer el rol de los fluidos de origen volcánico/geotermal en las comunidades, explorar y generar nuevas rutas geoturísticas para el desarrollo y beneficio de las comunidades que se encuentran en los alrededores de volcanes activos. Así mismo, la aplicación de técnicas de vigilancia volcánica, como la recolección de datos de gases y aguas, pueden fortalecer los planes locales de acción ante eventos volcánicos y contribuir a la gestión de riesgo, en la gira se visitarán 3 sitios. El recorrido iniciará en los alrededores del volcán Moyuta, en donde se sitúa un campo geotérmico, en esta zona observaremos y haremos mediciones en fumarolas y mudpots, denominados regionalmente ausoles. Después visitaremos la Laguna de Ixpaco es una laguna ácida que se formó por erupciones freáticas del volcán Tecuamburro, en la actualidad es una fuente de ingresos para la comunidad por sus depósitos de azufre y por ser un atractivo turístico. Finalizando en el volcán de Pacaya es un volcán estromboliano con actividad efusiva, su última erupción con flujos de lava extensos fue en el año 2021, visitaremos la zona del cono Mackenney y los campos de lava. | 18th – 20th | 10 to 25 | Maria Graciela Olmos | $150 |
| 7) El SalvadorVolcanic Risk Management in El Salvador: from geosciences to territorial planning and the strengthening of user-centered early warning systemsA 4-day tour of the central-western part of El Salvador is proposed to learn about three of the most active volcanic systems in the country (Fig.1): Santa Ana volcano, San Salvador volcano and Ilopango Caldera and analyze the advances in the knowledge of these systems, the evaluation of their hazards and the strategies of inter-institutional coordination of the instances that participate in the management of volcanic risk in El Salvador. The purpose of the excursion is that the participants, in addition to knowing three volcanoes of great beauty, actively participate in the discussion of the limitations faced by the institutions involved and the challenges involved in risk management in a multi-threat environment, with a diversity of interests for the use of natural resources and with a high population density. | 17th – 20th | 10 to 15 | Jacqueline Rivera | $570 |
| 8) Fuego volcanoThe June 2018 eruption of Fuego volcano: chronology, deposits, impacts, associated hazards and risksThe June 3rd, 2018, eruption of Fuego volcano (Guatemala) produced a complex sequence of small-volume pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that inundated all sectors around the volcano and propagated >12 km on the southeastern flank, deposited ~50 million m3 of pyroclastic material, and killed several hundred people. This one-day field trip will allow participants to revisit this important eruptive event by exploring several exposed stratigraphic sections of the June 2018 deposits inside the Las Lajas barranca, as well as various infrastructures affected by the eruption on the southeastern flank of the volcano. Participants will also learn about the various impacts this eruption caused on local communities, as well as how hazard assessment and risk management plans at Fuego were refined after this event. | 17th | Up to 20 | Sylvain Charbonnier | $50 |
| 9) Fuego EruptionFuego Eruption Overnight at the Acatenango PlatformsJoin Armando, Jeff, and other conference participants for a night of camping, eruption observations, and Fuego volcano science and storytelling at the A-frame cabins on a platform operated by Mayan Outdoor Tours. This terraced camping site is at 3,540 m above sea level on Acatenango Volcano located 2.6 km to the NNE of the active Fuego volcano, whose summit is at ~3,800 m. Typical eruptive activity at Fuego is strombolian with frequent (5-10 per hour) explosions erupting kilometer-high plumes and incandescent ballistics. Bring your best camera! Our campsite has six A-frame cabins, which each comfortably accommodate six individuals sleeping on mattresses at ground level. Camp is reached with either a 40-minute flat walk (starting from the 4WD parking area at 3,450 m) or with a four-to-five hour hike (depending on physical conditioning) starting at Aldea La Soledad (at 2,400 m). Weather in February is almost always dry, but expect wind and cold at 3000 m+ especially at night. This trip will include camping in A-frames, food, and transportation from Antigua. We welcome Cities on Volcanoes 12 participants who both wish to hike ($100) or choose to drive to a parking area near the platforms ($200) for an all-inclusive one night excursion. | 3 options | Up to 30 per night | Jeff Johnson / Armando Pineda | $100/
$200 |
| AVERT-OVSICORI Community Experiment on Poás Volcano | 18th – 23rd | 15-20 | Conor Bacon, Terry Plank, Einat Lev | Costs will be covered for accepted applicants. Travel not included. |
